IoT connectivity in Romania
Updated
In Romania, permanent roaming is governed by the EU roaming regulation, which generally allows it under wholesale agreements between operators. Of the 4 mobile operators we track there, 0 have switched off 2G and 4 3G; the status of 1 network is still unclear, as of 26 October 2026. Sources are listed below each table.
Permanent roaming
EU/EEA rule. M2M falls within the EU Roaming Regulation, which leaves permanent roaming for M2M to commercial wholesale agreements that may include clauses against it; BEREC concluded in March 2025 that no further regulation was needed, and most member states permit it, Belgium being the main exception.
Sources: berec.europa.eu, berec.europa.eu, cullen-international.com.
2G and 3G shutdowns by operator
| Operator | Network | Status | Date | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digi | 2G | Unclear | none | No source found; could not even confirm whether Digi (Digi Mobil, RCS&RDS) runs its own 2G layer. |
| Digi | 3G | Switched off | 29 August 2023 | emnify.com emnify lists Digi Mobil 3G switched off on 2023-08-29. Single tracker, no operator source. |
| Orange Romania | 2G | Planned | 2030 | newsroom.orange.com, korewireless.com Orange Group plan: 2G phased out by 2030 in Romania, subject to local plans; KORE lists 2030-12-31. |
| Orange Romania | 3G | Switched off | 2025 | business-review.eu, korewireless.com Gradual transition from June 2024, planned to end at end-2025; KORE marks the shutdown finished (2025-12-31). No Orange completion release found. |
| Telekom Romania Mobile | 2G | Planned | none | korewireless.com, wirelesslogic.com KORE lists 2G 'Shutdown in progress' with no date. Wireless Logic says Vodafone Romania is consolidating its acquisition of Telekom Romania Mobile (sold in 2025). Sale terms and network fate not verified from a primary source. |
| Telekom Romania Mobile | 3G | Switched off | 2022 | wirelesslogic.com, korewireless.com Wireless Logic: 3G closed in 2022; KORE: shutdown finished; emnify lists 2022-07-01. No operator source reachable (telekom.ro pages empty). |
| Vodafone Romania | 2G | Planned | 2030 | korewireless.com, wirelesslogic.com Trackers list 2030 (KORE: 2030-01-01; Wireless Logic: per Vodafone Group strategy). No Vodafone Romania announcement found. |
| Vodafone Romania | 3G | Switched off | 1 July 2025 | korewireless.com, wirelesslogic.com KORE marks 3G finished with date 2025-07-01 (emnify agrees); Wireless Logic says closed in 2023 (conflict). Vodafone's own modernisation page did not load. |
What it means for IoT devices in Romania
- 2G still runs on some networks, but plan new devices on 4G-based technologies (LTE Cat-1bis, LTE-M or NB-IoT where available): 2G is being closed across the region.
- 3G is already gone on 4 networks: devices that fall back to 3G will lose service there.
- Private delivery works the same from Romania: device data reaches your cloud over private links. See private delivery.
Other countries in Europe
Full tables: permanent roaming rules by country and 2G and 3G shutdown dates.
Frequently asked questions
Is permanent roaming allowed for IoT SIMs in Romania?
Romania applies the EU roaming regulation, which covers the EU and EEA. M2M falls within the EU Roaming Regulation, which leaves permanent roaming for M2M to commercial wholesale agreements that may include clauses against it; BEREC concluded in March 2025 that no further regulation was needed, and most member states permit it, Belgium being the main exception.
When is 2G switched off in Romania?
Status by operator, as of 26 October 2026. Orange Romania: planned for 2030; Telekom Romania Mobile: planned; Vodafone Romania: planned for 2030.
When is 3G switched off in Romania?
Status by operator, as of 26 October 2026. Digi: switched off (2023-08-29); Orange Romania: switched off (2025); Telekom Romania Mobile: switched off (2022); Vodafone Romania: switched off (2025-07-01).